Analysis of the Roots That Created Bigger Thomas Free Essays

Thomas, offer ascent to grating yet quiet signs, which will help see a portion of the fundamental roots that drove Bigger Thomas to submit to an existence of crimes. The main perspective that adds to Mr.. We will compose a custom paper test on Examination of the Roots That Created Bigger Thomas or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Thomas’ defeat Is the ruthless and unreasonable racial impression of his time. Greater Thomas is blamed for a wrongdoing which he didn't submit. The assault of a white well off lady named Mary. Albeit Bigger Thomas didn't submit the assault, he will consistently be blamed for such conduct for being dark. As expressed by Bigger himself: † All those white men In a gathering, firearms In their grasp, subterranean insect not be right. I don't know about what yet I realize that I am no good†. Richard Wright needs to show that despite the fact that what happens to Bigger Thomas is carefully unplanned and honest, the white man’s abuse has the ability to transform any person of color into a brute, an attacker, and an executioner. It is unavoidable! At the end of the day, Bigger Thomas speaks to the dark race in general, the person of color to be progressively explicit. Regardless of how blameless the person of color is from the outset or during childbirth, conditions and groundbreaking occasions will transform him into what he was biased to be: a brute. The second viewpoint that adds to Bigger Thomas’ creation and devastation is his family. Greater Thomas, as most African-Americans of his time, was raised without a dad, regardless of whether It be through relinquishment or deplorable mishap. At an early age, Bigger Thomas Is compelled to expect the Father figure of the family unit. HIS mother’s steady objection to him just as his more youthful sister’s analysis weighs vigorously on the individual he turned into: a Black man who will never have the regard he merits from society just as his family. The third angle that additional to the creation and obliteration of Bigger Thomas is he Dalton. One emblematic view that underpins this thought is the way that Mrs.. Dalton is visually impaired. She is ignorant concerning the social disgrace of obscurity, partialities, and shameful acts around her. Mr.. Dalton then again, even from a decent heart, doesn't understand his commitments to the breakdown of numerous men like Bigger Thomas. Despite the fact that he sees himself as a humanitarian, racial laws that Mr.. Talon’s business stands to concerning lodging leave the blacks feeling misused and utilized. The Dalton don't understand the impact of prejudice on the mistreated and the impact of bigotry on the oppressor. They speak to the little level of whites that see themselves as promoters for the dark race while being totally absent to the mischief that they are really causing. Albeit outer upgrades sun as racial biases, abuse, ten need AT regard from society and from his family have a state to the death of Bigger Thomas, it is shameful to not additionally give Bigger a lot of duty. Bagger’s his own individual and ought to have the option to see the contrast between right or wrong. In any case, unmistakably experiencing childhood in the conditions that Bigger Thomas did, one could state he never had a potential for success in hellfire. Step by step instructions to refer to Analysis of the Roots That Created Bigger Thomas, Papers

Things you probably didn`t know about British student life

Things you most likely didn't think about British understudy life Fascinating realities from the historical backdrop of British understudy life English understudy life was very fascinating and energizing in any event, during the Middle Ages. It was brimming with different customs, uproars, celebrations, and characters†¦ Ladies were not generally welcome in the scholarly world The male understudies of Cambridge University didn't need female understudies to be allowed with the full degrees. In 1897, they draped a representation of a female cyclist from Cambridge Senate House to show their dissatisfaction. Just in 1948 ladies could at long last get the full degrees. In the late nineteenth century the primary female schools were set up. Ladies had the chance to get instruction. Notwithstanding, their understudy life was difficult. Female understudies were barely viewed and firmly planned. The vicious understudy fights There was an expanding strain between the nearby individuals and Oxford's understudies. The St Scholastica Day mob of 1355 turned into the bloodiest clash in British understudy history. There was a fierce bar fight between two researchers and the taverner. From that point onward, the furnished battle started. The clinical understudies had the contention over vivisection which kept going very nearly seven years. They fought with police, let off smell bombs during legal disputes, and assaulted representations of a nearby judge. In 1907 a great deal of understudies walked on London so as to shield their privileges. In 2010 the understudy fights overflowed into savagery in the city of London. Understudies penetrated the harmony, crushing windows, tossing eggs, and setting off the smoke bombs. Accordingly, 153 understudies were captured. The permission of the youthful understudies These days, a great deal of the senior understudies can giggle at the green beans, who can carry on like little kids. Be that as it may, during the Tudor and Stuart periods it was very typical to concede the understudies in the age of 12 to the college. The way toward increasing a college degree was exceptionally long. Those youthful understudies could dazzle their mentors with the bewildering information on various dialects and subjects. The unfathomable fun Understudies have delighted in a touch of party since the soonest times. St Andrews University is known for its gathering climate. The convention of the ‘Raising Weekend’ was something uncommon. Understudies hosted a few days of gatherings and difficulties which generally finished with a froth battle. That is the way the scholarly family invited its green beans. In the sixteenth century, the understudies of Cambridge University normally engaged their friends with the mocking comedies. Everyone was drinking and singing until the morning. They even ridiculed the neighborhood individuals. Some of the time, such festivals could be wild, so the college specialists had to boycott such celebration for a long time. A warm greeting of outside understudies Outside understudies could learn at the British colleges since the twelfth century. Huge numbers of them confronted doubt, antagonistic vibe, segregation, and partiality. Be that as it may, an enormous number tormented a positive image of their understudy life in Britain as an outsider. Edward Atiyah, who was conceived in the Ottoman Empire, was treated with amicability and consideration while learning at Oxford. He didn't feel that he was an outsider among the English individuals. He had positive experience of concentrating in another nation. Samuel Satthianadhan was the Indian understudy, who learned at Cambridge during the 1870s. He felt himself very open to concentrating with British understudies. He had no sentiment of cumbersomeness. Also, the British colleges invited a great deal of the displaced person understudies during the two universal wars. Understudy life was strikingly directed The understudy life was not generally the hour of opportunity. In the Middle Ages, understudies' conduct and ethics were altogether controlled. Understudies should be calm in character and legit throughout everyday life. They hadn't sufficient time for the extra-curricular exercises they were keen on. Understudies rehearses bows and arrows or went for strolls talking in Latin. In 1410 the specialists of Oxford University gave a pronouncement which upheld the understudies to live in the college corridors to keep them from visiting whorehouses and bars around evening time. Colleges weren't only for the rich It is a prevalent view that lone kids from the well off families could learn at the primary British colleges. The medieval Oxford, St Andrews, and Cambridge conceded understudies from the center positioning families. By the seventeenth century the sizarships were set up. Sizars needed to function as college hirelings so as to pay the decreased expenses. It was somewhat corrupting for them, however such early bursary framework allowed numerous brilliant personalities the chance to get the advanced education.

Low-grade Rhabdoid Meningioma: Morphological Characteristics

Second rate Rhabdoid Meningioma: Morphological Characteristics Arvids Jakovlevs, Andrejs Vanags, Janis Gardovskis, Ilze Strumfa Synopsis Rhabdoid meningioma (RM) is an uncommon sort of meningioma. It is delegated an evaluation III tumor (anaplastic meningioma) in the ongoing World Health Organization (WHO) order of the tumors of the focal sensory system (CNS). Here we depict an exceptional instance of RM without any highlights of danger. Barely any instances of poor quality RMs are depicted in the writing interestingly with the evaluating of this element in WHO grouping. Catchphrases: meningioma, rhabdoid, second rate Point OF THE DEMONSTRATION The point of our article is to report an instance of irregular RM lacking harmful highlights as to the issue about the prognostic centrality of rhabdoid morphology in meningiomas. CASE REPORT A 37-year-elderly person was admitted to the emergency clinic because of dynamic migraines over past 1.5 years. The attractive reverberation imaging of head and mind uncovered a very much separated intracranial injury estimating 3.53.63.6 cm (Figure 1A). The mass was found nearby the frontal bone and was connected to the dura mater. The patient experienced a craniotomy and all out tumor resection. Histological assessment of the neoplasm uncovered cells steady with rhabdoid morphology. The tumor was for the most part made out of polygonal, rather enormous cells that had capricious cores, emphatically eosinophilic cytoplasm with plentiful pale globular considerations and noticeable cytoplasmic granularity (Figure 1B). The cores of neoplastic cells were marginally pleomorphic. Mitoses were missing in the entire example. Furthermore, the tumor had all around created stringy container that divided it from ordinary mind tissues. Psammoma bodies were found in certain territories of the tumo r. Immunohistochemical representation (IHC) indicated extreme cytoplasmic articulation of vimentin and epithelial layer antigen (Figure 1C-D) just as solid atomic articulation of progesterone receptors in the tumor cells. The neoplastic cells didn't communicate smooth muscle actin, desmin, HMB-45, S-100 protein, kappa and lambda light chains. Ki-67 multiplication record was as low as 1.5 %. Consequently, the morphological appearance and immunohistochemical highlights were predictable with RM and poor quality cell attributes. Conversation Tumors with rhabdoid morphology were first portrayed in 1978 according to threatening renal tumors of youngsters (1). These days, numerous tumors with rhabdoid morphology are known in various confinements including CNS and meninges. Rhabdoid cells have no proof of myogenic root. The term „rhabdoid† is utilized to mean close histological likeness of tumor cells to rhabdomyoblasts. Rhabdoid cells are described by run of the mill light infinitesimal morphology: round cells with flighty, vesicular cores, conspicuous nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm with paranuclear globular incorporations (3). Meningiomas creating from the meninges are among the most widely recognized intracranial tumors. As to tumors, medical procedure is the backbone of treatment, and neurosurgeon likewise is engaged with the arranging of further perception and treatment in understanding to the tumor grade (5). Meningiomas show wide scope of histopathological appearances. While most of meningiomas are benevolent tumors (WHO grade I meningiomas), a few meningiomas have expanded danger of nearby repeats (WHO grade II meningiomas) and the minority are really harmful and have a danger of metastatic scattering; these are named WHO grade III meningiomas (2). RM is an extraordinary kind of meningioma which was depicted without precedent for 1998 (3). It was discovered that rhabdoid morphology in meningiomas was related with a more terrible anticipation (3). Not long after this discovering RM was isolated as an unmistakable element in WHO order of CNS tumors distributed in 2000. RM has been delegated an evaluati on III neoplasm by WHO (2). Reliable with the harmful conduct, critical mitotic action, anaplasia and other atypical highlights are typically found in RMs (2, 4). Be that as it may, there are some detached reports of RMs with no proof of cell atypia (6). For our situation finding of RM was set up because of unadulterated rhabdoid morphology alongside meningothelial birthplace that was plainly exhibited by IHC. Nonappearance of atypia in the tumor cells and low Ki-67 multiplication file was steady with poor quality meningioma in the current case. All in all, rhabdoid meningioma once in a while needs histological highlights of threat that can prompt disarray if the rhabdoid morphology is constantly connected with harmful conduct. Expanded consciousness of second rate rhabdoid meningiomas is important to assess the forecast and to design the treatment fittingly. REFERENCES Beckwith JB, Palmer NF. Histopathology and visualization of Wilms tumors: results from the First National Wilms’ Tumor Study/Cancer, 1978; 41:1937 †1948 Cooper WA, Shingde M, Lee VK, Allan RS, Wills EJ, Harper C. â€Å"Rhabdoid meningioma† lacking threatening highlights. Report of two cases/Clin Neuropathol, 2004; 23(1):16 †20 Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK. Meningeal tumors/In: Bosman FT, Jaffe ES, Lakhani RS, Ohgaki H. WHO Classification of tumors of the focal sensory system. fourth release. Lyon: IARC; 2007; 164-180 Perry A, Scheithauer BW, Stafford SL, Abell-Aleff PC, Meyer FB. Rhabdoid meningioma: a forceful variation/Am J Surg Pathol, 1998; 22:1482 †1490 Walcott BP, Nahed BV, Brastianos PK, Loeffler JS. Radiation treatment for WHO grade II and III meningiomas/Front Oncol, 2013; 3:227, doi:10.3389/fonc.2013.00227 Zhou Y, Xie Q, Gong Y, Mao Y, Zhong P, Che X, Jiang C, Huang F, Zheng K, Li S, Gu Y, Bao W, Yang B, Wu J, Wang Y, Chen H, Xie L, Zheng M, Tang H. Clinicopathological investigation of rhabdoid meningiomas: Report of 12 cases and an efficient audit of the writing/World Neurosurg, 2013; 79(5-6):724 †732 3t-Alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones: Synthesis 3t-Alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones: Synthesis 3t-Alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones Union A helpful and non-arduous one-pot union strategy created by Noller and Baliah [50] has been utilized effectively for the blend of 3t-alkyl-2r, 6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones 32 by the buildup of methyl ketones, fragrant aldehydes and ammonium acetic acid derivation in 1:2:1 molar proportion (Scheme 13). It’s a non-difficult one-pot combination of 3t-alkyl-2r, 6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones 32. Different subbed piperidin-4-ones were likewise integrated by adjusting the above technique [53-,57]. Regularly utilized commonplace method detailed by Baliah and Jeyaraman was adjusted to union a few subbed 3t-alkyl-2r,6c-difuranylpiperidin-4-ones 33 and 3t-benzyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones 34 with helpful alteration [58,59]. Seven r(2),c(4)- bis(isopropoxycarbonyl)- t(3)- aryl-c(5)- hydroxy-t(5)- methylcyclohexano-nes (aryl = C6H5, p-ClC6H4, p-FC6H4, p-OMeC6H4, p-Me2NC6H4, m-O2NC6H4 and m-C6H5OC6H4) have been blended by consolidating isopropyl acetoacetate with fragrant aldehydes within the sight of methylamine [53]. Aridoss et al have incorporated a variety of novel N-morpholinoacetyl-2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones just as imidazo(4,5-b) pyridinylethoxypiperidones and Structure and stereochemistry of all the N-morpholinoacetyl-2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones have been broke down utilizing 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods [54,55]. 1H and 13C NMR spectra have been recorded for 2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-one (3_-hydroxy-2_naphthoyl)hydrazones and 3,3-dimethyl-2r,6c-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one [56-57]. Change to different subordinates Different subordinates from piperidin-4-ones have been gotten which incorporates oximes 35 [60-73], hydrazones 36 [57,74], semicarbazones 37 [75], thiosemicarbazones 38 [69], and phenylhydrazones 39 [76] by the response of the carbonyl gathering with appropriate reagents. 2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones have been diminished to acquire 4t-Hydroxy-2r, 6c-diphenylpiperidines 40a and 4c-hydroxy-2r,6c-diphenylpiperidines 40b. N-subbed 2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones 41-51 was gotten by the response of the NH work with appropriate reagents have been accounted for (Scheme 13) [77-84]. Physico-compound investigations A few physico-compound investigations have been performed for 3t-Alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones and their subordinates [64-91]. A few investigations have reported the compliances of different subbed 2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones [78,86]. Pandiarajan et al. [88] have intricately talked about the adaptations of 32 and proposed seat compliance to these mixes with central aura of the aryl and alkyl substituents dependent on their NMR unearthly information. Replacement of alkyl bunch at C-3 situation of the piperidine ring makes the ring straighten somewhat about C(2)- C(3) bond likely to diminish ignoble communication among aryl and alkyl bunches at C(2) and C(3). Stereochemistry of N-acetyl and N-benzoyl-2r,6c-diphenylpiperidin-4-one oximes 5256 has been as of now detailed [89]. Union and adaptation of 3t-chloro-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones 57 additionally been accounted for [90,91]. Manimekalai et al. [92] showed the compliance of benzyl bunch in 4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidines 58. Pharmacological examinations Numerous piperidine subsidiaries have pharmacological exercises including antimicrobial, cell reinforcement and anticancer exercises and to frame a basic piece of the atomic structure of significant medications [9, 93-97]. Piperidin-4-ones have been utilized for improvement of mixes with specific natural exercises incorporate antiviral [98], antitumor [99], pain relieving [100], neighborhood sedative [101,102], bactericidal [103], fungicidal [103], herbicidal [103], insecticidal [104], antihistaminic [104], calming [104], anticancer [105], CNS energizer [105], antitubercular and depressant [106] exercises. Prior reports have obviously settled that the organic activities[R1] of

Honesty to Speak Speech and Silence in Othello - Literature Essay Samples

Speech in Shakespeares Othello possesses a power beyond that of deeds. It is Othellos fantastical storytelling that won him Desdemona at the start, Iagos poisonous suggestion that leads the general to murder his own wife, Emilias testimony that traps the villain in the end. Not all of this speech is true, and we will never know for sure whether Othellos handkerchief is magic or why Iago created his plot; but words, regardless of their truth, convince the characters even more than physical evidence does. When characters control their speech, either by remaining silent or by bursting out, they exert the strongest power they can have over the plays world.Iago, a skilled manipulator, is in complete control of his voice. He finagles Roderigos purse by persuading the young man that he will send the money to Desdemona, and then works on harder prey. Upon seeing Cassio finish talking to Desdemona, Iago mutters, I like not that a comment he pretends to be private but wants Othello to hea r. Othello asks Iago what he said, and Iago replies, Nothing, my lord; or ifI know not what. After insinuating Cassios guilt, Iago gets Othello to mention that Cassio repeatedly visited Desdemona before her marriage. Iago exclaims, Indeed! and then falls silent, despite Othellos prodding for an explanation. These two lines rouse Othellos suspicions because they appear involuntary, and are therefore more likely to be indications of Iagos true thoughts. The words themselves, however, are innocent. That Iago dislikes whatever Cassio was doing, perhaps kissing Desdemonas hand or even just standing next to her, is probably true; Iago hates everybody in the play, particularly Cassio. His other comments are meaningless, but they are pauses that invite Othello to infer the darker motivations behind; Iagos silence, not his speech, frames Desdemona.Iago excuses his silence by saying that oft my jealousy/Shapes faults that are not, and he is honest. He discourses about Cassios military inexperience and his tawdry affairs, warns Othello of Desdemonas unnatural behavior and deceptive practices. And yet he avoids directly accusing Cassio, and never claims that Desdemona is having an affair. Instead of lying, Iago uses silence to make Othello fill in the gaps. If Iago had laid the whole accusation bare, Othello would probably be incredulous and ask Desdemona to confirm the truth, just as Emilia, when Othello tells her about Iagos deceptions, asks her husband, Did you ever say that she was false? Though he admits to doing so, he never did, replacing that claim with circumstantial evidence. For example, he says Cassio had an erotic dream about Desdemona, and the audience is no more justified to discount that claim than Othello is to believe it. Cassios tongue has loosened against his will before, revealing a less noble officer than he first appears. He has previously made mildly insulting remarks about his social inferiors, telling Desdemona, [Iago] speaks home, madam, you may relish him more in the soldier than in the scholar, and excuses his own breeding for kissing Emilia. (Since Cassio knew this courtesy would offend Iago, his reasons for taking it are somewhat suspect.) After Iago has gotten him drunk, Cassio shows the true extent of his sense of superiority. He shouts, The lieutenant is to be saved before the ancient, and attacks Roderigo for his presumption, crying a knave teach me my duty? Iago partially proves that Cassio is the rash and very sudden in choler man he claimed, undeserving of the lieutenancy, and partially makes him so, much as he handles Othello. Cassios courtly, hyperbolic praise for Desdemona, a maid/That paragons description and wild fame, may likewise have transformed during sleep into the baser, cursed fate that gave thee to the Moor! Cassio, obsessed with safeguarding his reputation, can afford to admit his lapses only to Iago, whom he trusts, who has already seen Cassios drunkenness, whose opinion he car es little for, and who thinks far worse of the lieutenant than any confession could account. If Cassio has any faults other than drinking, fighting, and whoring, he takes great pains to hide them. He also has some virtue, and can hardly bear to acknowledge his drunkenness. For both these reasons, when Othello calls upon him to account for his brawling, Cassio responds, I pray you pardon me, I cannot speak. Montano, the other combatant, is too wounded to explain what happened, and Roderigo has slipped away. By orchestrating the silence of his comrades, Iago remains the only one able to tell Othello what happened, and by his favorite tactic of pretended reticence, convinces the general that Cassio was more at fault than he actually was. Othello thinks that Iago is reluctant to condemn Cassio more than he does because of loyalty to his worthy friend. Because Iago will not say that Cassio is bad, Othello thinks he is worse; because his trusted ensign keeps silent, the general thi nks the truth too horrible to reveal. But when Iago keeps his mouth shut, it is to avoid divulging good. He hates to acknowledge it just as much as Othello shudders to contemplate his wifes infidelity. Othello presumes, because he cannot stomach ill deeds, that no-one can. When Iago says that Cassio lay, With her, on her, what you will, Othello falls into a epileptic fit. He thinks it is as painful for the hesitant Iago to say such things as it is for himself to hear them. The Moor cannot even tell Desdemona her supposed crime; he shouldto cinders burn up modesty/Did I but speak thy deeds.Heaven stops the nose at it. With Iago, his mouth is freer to shout, Damn her, lewd minx: O damn her, damn her! but Othello does not notice this effect of Iagos presence. At first, it is joy that Othello cannot name, he cannot speak enough of this content, it stops me here, but once Iago has finished his work, the voluble Othello has no content to speak of. Whenever the general opens his mouth to praise Desdemona, Iago warns, Nay, you must forget all that, and by Act III, Othellos wonderful tales of deserts vast and antres idle have become fantastical lies about the handkerchiefs magic powers, to frighten Desdemona.When speaking about the handkerchief, Othello asks Desdemona where it is, and she will not answer at first. His constant questioning, ist lost? Ist gone? Speak, ist out of the way? implies that Desdemona here hesitates. Heaven bless us! is her final unfortunate response, as though she were praying to be pardoned for adultery. Her mind refuses to compass Othellos meaning, and so she thinks nothing of her words and lies about the handkerchief, as though this would protect her from its powers. Her pauses also cause Othello to trust her less both in the future and the present, as her initial dithering makes the lie that much more transparent.Soon after, she makes the same mistake for similar reasons. Othello never tells Desdemona what she has allegedly done until too late. He calls her a whore and Emilia a bawd, but prostitution is not Desdemonas supposed crime. He orders her to swear she is honest and she will not, possibly because of confusion that he meant honest about the handkerchief, possibly out of sheer overwhelmedness or modesty but probably because she cannot believe Othello does not love her; she blinds herself to Othellos meaning and asks whether he is mad because of Brabantio, which he is obviously not. [Othellos] unkindness maynever taint my love, says Desdemona, as though her husband simply were not feeling himself. (Unkindness in Shakespeares usage often hovered between unnaturalness and the modern sense) She then decides, despite every sign to the contrary, that politics is the real reason for Othellos behavior. And when she knows herself lost beyond all hope to her husbands love, she refuses to say so, but only, answers have I none.She does manage to swear that she is neither a strumpet nor whore, unfortuna te word choices in the context of being treated like a public commoner and not an adulteress, as the words could mean either. Her earnest prayer of, heaven forgive us! just as before moves Othello from the brink of believing her back to renewed suspicions. Othello, already believing Desdemona lost, told her with dubious theology to be double-damned, but the first item she would be damned for (dishonesty) is the same as the second. He wanted Desdemona to convince him that she really was honest, and her avoidance of Othellos command, though she somewhat makes up for the deficiency a few lines later and even swears her faithfulness just after Othello has left the room, damns her just as Iagos silence does.I cannot say whore, she confides to Iago, and oddly enough, shares that quality with him. (Iago does speak it in Othellos presence, but never, even during soliloquy, in reference to Desdemona.) Othello trusts Iago because the ensign will not mention foulness, and suspects Desdem ona for that same quality. Iagos poison has made what is to him as luscious as locustsas acerb as coloquintida; Othello fluctuates between believing Iago and not daring to, but by the time of their marriage is prepared not only to hear but to put any slander on her. While Iago patiently listens, Othello rages about Desdemonas infidelity and pours out his words in a gush of imagery mocking the kind seas that brought the couple to Cyprus. Desdemona does not keep her peace for the whole play; she speaks at Cassios request and Iagos manipulation. She pesters Othello with the suit, promising to talk him out of patience and giving a long, repetitive entreaty with its nagging cadences of, Shallt be shortly?shallt be tonight?tomorrow dinner then? etc. Othello dismisses Desdemona and murmurs a loving aside, apparently about to give in, but Iago turns her words against her and implicitly contrasts them with his own virtuous reticence. Othello, though possessed of an elegant tongue, prof esses his own inexperience in speech to the Dukes council; he mistrusts his own words, doubting that they wooed Desdemona enough, and in his worry wonders whether she tired of him because he lacks soft parts of conversation. Iago demonstrates the power of his words as he employs them to cast doubt on Desdemonas, but Othello fails to understand the tactic. It is not words that shakes me thus he exclaims upon falling into a fit, yet, of course, it is; words, and the play of his imagination. To Othello, more honesty resides in Iagos hesitant speech than in Desdemonas long scolding. As Iagos tightens his grip on Othellos mind, he speaks more freely. At first he swears, you cannot [know my thoughts], if my heart were in your hand and I am not bound toutter my thoughts, but later changes his tack, saying, as I am bound, receive it from me. He tells Othello what the general already half-believes, furthering Othellos trust in words with him. The more Othello listens to Iago, the more words control him, and the less he realizes it. He abandons his demand for ocular proof in an instant; Cassios mocking words and Desdemonas uneasy speech convince him at least as much as the sight of the handkerchief does. By his skill and luck, Iago finds enough of this proof to prevent Othello from realizing that he only heard half a conversation and saw no proof at all. This handkerchief scene, which mixes verbal and visual evidence, confuses Othellos trust in the visual with his suspicion of speech, and makes him put all his faith in Iagos account. And it is at this point that Desdemona, when speech could help her most, goes silent. Because Desdemona, unlike Othello, is unwilling to harm her beloved, another character must testify for her. The somewhat less pure and virtuous Emilia, heretofore quiet, calls for help, rails at Othello, and condemns Iago. It is difficult to say just how much Emilia knew about her husbands plot, but she does come very close to unmasking him, knowingly or not, before Desdemona; she also wails, I thought so then upon hearing his scheme. She stood by while Othello shouted at his wife, demanding the handkerchief Emilia gave to Iago. In spite of all this suspicion, she does not open her mouth until Desdemona is already dead. Iago complains that his wife nags him constantly when not in public, but he also claims that she has slept with about half the army, and we never hear Emilia pestering her husband. She declares herself eager to make him happy, doing nothing, but to please his fantasy, and indeed she seems to have some strange notion that Iagos fantasy can be pleased, avoiding the realization that she has married a demi-devil whose sole joy on earth is to destroy the greatness of better men than himself. When she asks him about the least of his crimes, suggesting Desdemonas guilt, she adds, I know thou didst not, thourt not such a villain./Speak, for my heart is full. Emilia, like Desdemona, dares not incriminate h er husband.Unfortunately for Iago, Emilia is not the epitome of virtue, maidenly silence, and devoted matrimonial love that Desdemona plays. This woman finds the role of servant to a kind mistress more important than that of wife to Iago. Like Othello, she has two competing relationships, one built upon love, the other based on authority; for her the positions are switched. Emilia and Desdemona discuss sexual infidelity as equals; Iago orders his wife around. Similarly, Othello marries Iago and then abuses Desdemona. Othello wavers between trusting his fears and his hopes about his spouse, moving between explosive rage, explosive love, and mute horror. If he cannot name the cause, Emilia can too well, mentioning it no less than five times in fourteen lines. She is not Iagos wife for nothing; her canny calculations of what it would take to make her cheat on her husband contrast both Othellos and Desdemonas innocent and impractical tongue-tied purity. Emilia is less effective than her husband; she does not approach his level of thinking everyone as base as possible. Perhaps Desdemonas advice of, Do not learn of him, Emilia, though he be thy husband caused her unlucky trust in the essential goodness of humanity (unlikely) or perhaps, like Desdemona, Othello, and Roderigo, Emilia could just refused to wrap her mind around Iagos unbounded villainy. Yet she is the first to see it (except for poor Roderigo, who made the mistake of confronting Iago alone; were it not for Gratianos protection, Emilia would have ended up like the young Venetian before she could tell of the handkerchief) and when she finally realizes a fraction of its extent, she speaks.Emilias powerful, vengeful outburst of righteous indignationYou told a lie, a an odious, damnd lie!is the first truly free speech in the play. She will not stop for shame, like Cassio, or as Iago pretends to, for Desdemonas modesty or Biancas fear; Iago cannot command her silence like Roderigos or Othellos. No r is her accusation, like Othellos, Brabantios, or Roderigos (i.e., of Desdemona, not of Iago) spurred by him. Emilia, once she has seen the truth, confronts it though she betrays her husband, endangers her life, and threatens her disgrace. She does not react like Othello or Desdemona; she tells Iago plainly of the matter and he, not realizing the trap, admits to making the suggestion. When she explains the matter of the handkerchief, Othello believes her open outrage where he doubted Desdemonas fearful prayers.Iago, having lost his power over speech, reacts in the only way he can: he murders Emilia, and refuses to speak. His half-defiant gloat, Demand me nothing. What you know, you know./ From this time forth, I never will speak word, is his final taunt to the audience and Othello; we never doubt for an instant that he will break his oath, despite all the tortures the state can inflict. The play is over; most of the characters are or will soon be dead; he has no more reason to speak, no gulls to trap, no audience to confide in. Order has triumphed and the truth has outed, the state will handle everything and report what has happened. But none of that matters. Iagos silence still controls the play, the question of his motive still unsolved. Cassio may reign in Cyprus, but Iago rules both the hopelessly ignorant Venetians, sure that he will open his lips to pray, and the minds of the audience. Reputation and government may have the last word, but speech, the true heart of morality and power, lies beyond them.

after earth review - 1162 Words

In this review, we will discuss Will Smiths movie After Earth directed by M. Night Shyamalan. Smith’s movie is about a military father and his teenage son. One thousand years after cataclysmic events forced humanitys escape from Earth, Nova Prime has become mankinds new home. Legendary General Cypher Raige returns from an extended tour of duty to his estranged family, ready to be a father to his 13-year-old son, Kitai. When an asteroid storm damages Cypher and Kitais craft, they crash-land on a now unfamiliar and dangerous Earth. As his father lies dying in the cockpit, Kitai must trek across the hostile terrain to recover their rescue beacon. In Kitai’s whole life, he has wanted nothing more than to be a ranger like his father.†¦show more content†¦For example, all the spaceman in the world still need to carry big oxygen container in order to breath at space. Other than that, we totally agree that earth contain gravitational force. As mentioned by General Cypher Raige in the movie, earth contain high gravitational force than other planet. If earth does not contain gravitational force, all the living things and non-living things will float on the sky. In 1687, Sir Isaac Newton, who discovered gravity, was a mathematician physicist. Many people have the image that he was sitting under an apple tree when an apple fell and hit him on the head, thus giving him the idea for gravity. In reality what he discovered was that there existed a force that is required to change the speed or direction of a moving object. After much further experimentation he wrote his theories of gravity. They have been the basic mathematical solutions for the way that things attract and repel for hundreds of years now. Besides that, we also agree a moral value which is the love of a father to his son. In the movie, we can see that General Cypher loved his son very much. Before his son carried out his mission, Cypher taught him how to survive and guided him through the screen. Cypher did not take the pain killer although both of his legs broke. This was because he will feel sleepy and cannot see clearly after taking it as he want to protect his son through the screen in theShow MoreRelatedAmerican Indian Liberation : American Indians And The Boarding School Experience852 Words   |  4 Pagesthese resources after attending a pow wow on the White Earth Reservation to increase my understanding of the Native American culture. There are four books in particular that have sparked my curiosity: American Indian Liberation: A Theology of Sovereignty by George E. Tinker; Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience, 1875-1928 by David Wallace Adams; Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900-1940 by Brenda J. Child; and The White Earth Tragedy: EthnicityRead MoreWhat On Earth Review : What An Earth780 Words   |  4 PagesMeta: Whipping through the outer reaches of the universe and the some, Microgaming is serving up a true intergalactic adventure in new game What an Earth! What on Earth Review There are a select few names that represent the crà ¨me de la crà ¨me of action in the world of online slots, with Microgaming being one of them. Over the years they’ve rolled out countless great games, many of which has stood the test of time fantastically. 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Humans areRead MoreAmerican Romanticism : An Important Time For Poetry And Its Development974 Words   |  4 Pagescontrasts himself and the earth and how each of them feel. He also talks about how they are different. As stated in the poem, Emerson says â€Å"how graceful climb those shadows on my hill†, Emerson wrote about his feelings towards the earth and mother nature, this is what this quote represents. He also wrote about the feeling the earth has by stating, â€Å"earth laughs in flowers to see her boastful boys earth proud, proud of the earth which is not theirs†, this quote is talking about the earth feeling as thoughRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Animals And Environments1156 Words   |  5 PagesRationale Standards SC.5.L15 asserts that Earth is a home to a great diversity of living things whose survival depends on the changes in the environment. However, individuals of the same kind usually differ in characteristics, and such differences give individuals an advantage to survive and reproduce in certain environments (CPALMS, 2015). Real Life Applications When observing the different characteristics of animals and environments, it is possible to determine the kind of environment that a particularRead MoreGlobal Warming: The End of our Ice Caps Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagesfuels is having an alarming affect on our climate. Global warming will change the Earth in unimaginable ways. With the ever increasing amount of Greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere, glaciers are now melting rapidly causing sea level to rise. The coastal changes will be sure to change our living environment over the next few hundred years. Global Warming is a phenomenon in which the temperature on the Earth increases. 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Evolution took a lot more time than just six days, but this is because of the difference between Lords other world and ours. Two seconds in His place could be 20 years on earth; we do not know the exact time difference. I agree with the reasons that Collins presented

The Three Families in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee...

Harper Lee’s Novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird and the Contrasts between three different families In Harpers Lee’s novel To Kill A Mockingbird, Lee has created three unique families. The Ewell’s were a family who lived like slavish animals, a perfect t mold of a stereotyped redneck. The Cunninghams too, are a poor family but they are very proud, much like a farmer type of stereotype who never took anything that they could not repay. The Finches are the most distinct and well respected by the whole town of Maycomb and have lived their life according to a code of values that they apply equally to everyone. Having said this, the Ewells, the Cunninghams and the Finches were three very distinct families with a differing code of†¦show more content†¦Conversely to this, Burris was never noticed at school but when he was noticed by the students and they started talking to him he would beam with pride. He also was rude and insulting witch he would have learned from his father as he has no mother. As said by little Chuck (pg 27) â€Å"he’s a mean one, a hard down mean one† witch suggests his father to be an abusive man and a drunk recording the family’s actions throughout the novel and the timeline. Coming from Atticus’ point of view the Ewells have certain privileges that allow them to do things others can not because the kids would die of starvation or worse if they did not have them. As much as Atticus hates the Ewells, he does not want the kids to suffer more than they have to and mealy explains that â€Å"The Ewells had been the disgrace of Maycomb for 3 generations†. The fact remains that through the novel one will see the Ewells in a trapped vortex of hate and anguish as they struggle to get by, each becoming more like the father and growing farther apart from society no matter how much they desire to be a part of it. Concluding the fact, the Cunninghams were another set of folks in Maycomb with a distinct set of values. To the rest of Maycomb the Cunninghams are viewed as a very self sufficient family. Though they are very poor they always pay back what they owe, and never ask of anything in return. Despite the fact that the Cunninghams pay back what they own in supplies, they areShow MoreRelatedThe Historical Events Found in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee682 Words   |  3 PagesThe use of events in novels from history is not uncommon. Harper Lee does this in her historical fiction novel, To Kill A Mockingbird. The setting of the book is the 1930s, because this was an important decade of change for America. Harper Lee utilized cultural parallels between important historical events and ideas in To Kill A Mockingbird to show the hardships of the 1930s that influenced corruption of the human mindset. One of the largest, and most crippling events of the 1930s was the GreatRead MoreThe, The Gray Ghost, By Harper Lee1366 Words   |  6 PagesCompleting the Puzzle Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, a novel about a young girl growing up in the racist South, tests one’s ethics and delves into some of the more profound human principles. The story of Maycomb, a sleepy Southern town, is rooted with the values, lessons, and symbolism of Harper Lee. Throughout the novel Harper Lee pays attention to even the smallest details, making sure that all writing has a purpose. That said, there are three books that Harper Lee mentions: Ivanhoe, The GrayRead MoreTheme Of Nature In To Kill A Mockingbird1394 Words   |  6 Pagesmessage to life. As shown in To Kill a Mockingbird, nature and various aspects of humanity are associated in the form of a mockingbird. As it relates to the novel, A mockingbird represents a commonality of an understood sin. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is well known, classic novel originally published in 1960. Though the novel was written in a different time span, its plot vividly details and expresses the events, emotions, and issues during the 1930s. Lee isolated her novel’s setting toRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesown. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestly. Even though money was not as much of a problem for her family as it was forRead MoreHarper Lee Was Born In 1926 In Monroe, Alabama, A Village1071 Words   |  5 PagesHarper Lee was born in 1926 in Monroe, Alabama, a village that is still her home. She attended local schools and the University of Alabama. Before she started writing she lived in New York. In New York she worked in the reservations department of an international airline. She is a winner of Pulitzer Prize, two honoray degree and other literaray awards. Other than writings Lee s chief interest are nineteenth century literature, eighteenth Century music, politics, travelling and spending time withRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1248 Words   |  5 PagesrRealistic fFiction novels because it helps the reader understand what the author is trying to convey. In this novel with the title To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee used that to her own advantage;, the techniques in this book were very clear to the eye and it helped the reader more to understand the part that they were reading. In the book To Kill A Mockingbird the story is about a little girl named Scout who lives in the south in a little town called Maycomb, Alabama and during the Great DepressionRead More The Life of Nelle Harper Lee Essay808 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life of Nelle Harper Lee On April 28, 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born to Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. Along with her siblings, Alice, Louise, and Edwin, Harper was educated in Monroeville Public Schools before going on to attend Huntingdon College in Montgomery, Alabama. After a year at Huntingdon, Lee decided to follow in the footsteps of her father and began studying law at the University of Alabama in 1945 [2]. 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All of these characters were innocent and unaware of what Maycomb was, and their innocence was taken away from them because of that. In To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee relates the theme of growing up and loss of innocence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the ways Harper Lee relates to the   theme is throughRead MoreThe Life Of An American Literary Icon1206 Words   |  5 Pagesone kind of folks. Folks (Lee 304). Harper Lee is one of America s most famous and beloved writers of her time. She has inspired people with her unique down-to-earth writing voice and her presentation of the rawness of people and life in general. Because of Harper Lee, America has learned to appreciate the differences in others from ourselves because you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view (Lee 39). Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926

Political Undertones of Eurovision Essay Example For Students

Political Undertones of Eurovision Essay HSTY 2605 Essay Is the European Song Contest only an annual cultural event or does it have political undertones? The European Song Contest (ESC) is far more than simply a cultural event. It is an event, which not only portrays the political views of the time, but also effects how political events will be shaped in the future. The organisers of the ESC have attempted to maintain the contest as being apolitical however politically significant events constantly occur. Through this essay I will use a number of examples of different countries and acts throughout the history of the contest that have portrayed political sentiments of the time, and ways in which the ESC has influenced politics through its results. The ESC is a competition held annually between all active members of the European Broadcasting Union. It is the largest festival for popular music in the world, with up to six hundred million people watching internationally every year. Each country participating in the contest votes for their favourite act, excluding themselves, with twelve points going to the most popular, ten to the second, and so forth. The contest has been running for over fifty-five years, this year, and over this time there have been various instances where the contest has turned from being a cultural event, into an arena to showcase a political message. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) claims that the ESC is not a political stage and that any act that is too politicised shall not be included in the competition. This occurred in 2009 when the EBU informed Georgia that they would have to alter their entry which was entitled ‘We Don’t Want to Put In. ’ Which was an obvious stab at Russia, which had been attempting to control Georgia. Georgia altered their song but the message was still clear. The EBU does attempt to keep the ESC apolitical. Voting rights in the ESC are handled by the broadcasting organisations of each country, not by the government as a way to ‘prevent the kind of political interference by individual countries. The ESC was initially aimed to be a ‘contest of peace’ and the organisers were of the view that they ‘had to be above politics’. Yet there are extremely obvious political messages portrayed in Eurovision. In 1969 when the contest was being held in Spain, Austria refused to take part as a protest against the dictator Franco. In 1975 Greece withdrew from the contest as it was going to be Turkey’s first year in the competition and the following year Greece’s entry to the competition was a song, which protested Turkish occupation of Cyprus. Eurovision is legendary as an arena for settling diplomatic scores, venting ethnic grievance, baiting national rivals and undermining governments. ’ For all the EBU attempts to keep the ESC from becoming politicised, it has undoubtedly become a forum for political messages to be stated. It is claimed that the ESC is becoming more and more politicised with countries voting based not on the merits on the song, but on loyalty or to show support for a certain country. The analysing of voting patterns shows that certain countries tend to give their points to the same group of countries, generally because of their geopolitical relation. However it is claimed that this is not because of politicised bias, but instead because these countries are from similar area’s and share similar cultures and therefore enjoy each other’s taste in music. However throughout the history of the contest, particularly in recent years, there has been far more evidence which proves that there is indeed an agenda other than song merits behind who is voted for in the ESC. Another reason the ESC is claimed to be becoming politicised is the high number of citizens of European countries living outside of where they were born and claim to come from. The rules of the ESC state that one cannot vote for their own country, however this does not stop people from voting for their country if they are not living there. As a result there are high numbers of ex-patriots voting for their own country. Since the collapse of the USSR and the eastern bloc of communist countries, there have been a surge in the number of countries that participate in the ESC. These countries have signalled the arrival of a new cultural and political stage for Europe as in the past ten years, these Eastern European countries have dominated the ESC. In the past ten years, seven of the winners have been from previously communist countries. One of these countries, and their win is particularly significant is the Ukraine. The Ukraine won the ESC in 2004. As the winners in 2004, the Ukraine would host the contest in 2005 in Kiev. However just months before the competition was due to be held the Orange Revolution started. Under the revolution a large proportion of the public rejected the chosen political candidate claiming that the election had not been fair. There were thousands of supports of the western-leaning candidate, which culminated in hundreds of thousands camping at Independence Square in Kiev. A revote was ordered and the pro-western candidate was announced the winner. The Orange Revolution portrayed the Ukraine’s struggle to shift away from Russia and to a more western style governance. The ESC was held in Kiev just months after the revolution, which was an opportunity the Ukraine, used in order to portray their struggle. The Ukraine act for 2005 referred to the rigged election but was rejected for being ‘too political’. Eurovision marked the end of the revolution and was a very politicised event. A key example in the political nature of the ESC is the participation, failure and success of Yugoslavia during the Cold War period. Yugoslavia began taking part in the contest from 1961. In the first twenty years of its participation, Yugoslavia had limited success. It was trying to present to Western Europe its socialist views in a form which were popular to Eastern European audiences, but were relatively unpopular with Western audiences. Yugoslavia questioned whether it should change the form of how it presented itself to appeal to Western European audiences. Vuletic argues that this questioning reflected Yugoslavia at the time and its debate as to what form Yugoslavian culture and politics should take in this period. It is claimed that because Yugoslavia was the only Eastern European bloc country involved in the ESC its chances were hampered, as it could not rely on the support from is neighbours, which has become so significant in the ESC. Langston Hughes' Salvation EssayCountries, as a rule, do not vote based on musical preference, rather due to geopolitical and cultural similarities. Reference List Bjornberg, Alf, Return to ethnicity: The cultural significance of musical change in the Eurovision Song Contest, in Raykoff, Ivan Tobin, Robert Deam (ed), A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contest. (Hampshire; Burlington; Ashgate; 2007) Bohlman, Philip, World Music: A very Short Introductiion (New York, Oxford University Press, 2002) Gol, Ayla, Turkeys Eurovision, (National Europe Centre Paper no 107. http://dspace. anu. edu. au/bitstream/1885/41667/2/Eurovision. pdf (viewed on April 29 2010) Mueller, Andrew, The Politics of Pop, The Guardian (26 March 2005) O’Connor, John Kennedy, The Eurovision Song Contest 50 years: The official history (Sydney, NSW, ABC Books, 2005). Pajala, Mari, Finland, zero points: Nationality, failure, and shame in the Finnish media, in Raykoff, Ivan T obin, Robert Deam (ed), A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contest. Hampshire; Burlington; Ashgate; 2007) pp 71 Raykoff, Ivan (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, in Raykoff, Ivan Tobin, Robert Deam (ed), A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contest. (Hampshire; Burlington; Ashgate; 2007) Rianovosti, Eurovision organizers reject Georgia’s ‘Put In’ lyrics, http://en. rian. ru/world/20090310/120503026. html (viewed on 29 April 2010) Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment: Turkey, Europe and Eurovision 2003, in Raykoff, Ivan Tobin, Robert Deam (ed), A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in he Eurovision Song Contest. (Hampshire; Burlington; Ashgate; 2007) pp 135 Vuletic, Dean, The Socialist Star: Yugoslavia, Cold War politics and the Eurovision Song Contest, in Raykoff, Ivan Tobin, Robert Deam (ed), A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contes t. (Hampshire; Burlington; Ashgate; 2007) pp 83 . O’Connor, John Kennedy, The Eurovision Song Contest 50 years: The official history (Sydney, NSW, ABC Books, 2005). Pp 4 . O’Conner, The Eurovision Song Contest 50 years pp 5 . Raykoff, Ivan (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, in Raykoff, Ivan Tobin, Robert Deam (ed), A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contest. (Hampshire; Burlington; Ashgate; 2007) . Rianovosti, Eurovision organizers reject Georgia’s ‘Put In’ lyrics, http://en. rian. ru/world/20090310/120503026. html (viewed on 29 April 2010) . Rianovosti, Eurovision organizers reject Georgia’s ‘Put In’ lyrics, http://en. rian. ru/world/20090310/120503026. html (viewed on 29 April 2010) . Raykoff, (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 3 . Bohlman, Philip, World Music: A very Short Introductiion (New York, Oxford University Press, 2002) . Svante Stockselius in Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 3 . Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 3 . Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 3 . Mueller, Andrew, The Politics of Pop, The Guardian (26 March 2005) . Bjornberg, Alf, Return to ethnicity: The cultural significance of musical change in the Eurovision Song Contest, in Raykoff, Ivan Tobin, Robert Deam (ed), A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contest. Hampshire; Burlington; Ashgate; 2007) pp 13 . Bjornberg, Return to ethnicity, pp 20 . Bjornberg, Return to ethnicity, pp 21 . Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 11 . Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 11 . Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 4 . Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 4 . Eurovision TV, History of Eurovision, http://www. eu rovision. tv/page/history (accessed on 30 April 2010) . Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 4 . Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 4 . Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 5 . Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 4 . Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 5 . Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 5 . Raykoff (2002), Camping on the border of Europe, pp 5 . Vuletic, Dean, The Socialist Star: Yugoslavia, Cold War politics and the Eurovision Song Contest, in Raykoff, Ivan Tobin, Robert Deam (ed), A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contest. Hampshire; Burlington; Ashgate; 2007) pp 83 . Vuletic (2003), The Socialist Star, pp 88 . Vuletic (2003), The Socialist Star, pp 88 . Vuletic (2003), The Socialist Star, pp 88 . Vuletic (2003), The Socialist Star, pp 88 . Vuletic (2003), The Socialist Star, pp 88 . Vuletic (2003), The Socialist Star, pp 89 . Vuletic (2003), The Socialist Star, pp 95 . Vuletic (2003), The Socialist Star, pp 94 . Vuletic (2003), The Socialist Star, pp 96 . S vilanovic, cited in Vuletic (2003), The Socialist Star, pp 97 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment: Turkey, Europe and Eurovision 2003, in Raykoff, Ivan Tobin, Robert Deam (ed), A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contest. (Hampshire; Burlington; Ashgate; 2007) pp 135 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 143 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 140 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 140 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 138 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 138 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 140 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 140 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 138 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 140 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 140 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 140 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 142 . Gol, Ayla, Turkeys Eurovision, (National Europe Centre Paper no 107. ) http://dspace. anu. edu. au/bitstream/1885/41667/2/Eurovision. pdf (viewed on April 29 2010) . Gold, Turkeys Eurovision, http://dspace. anu. edu. au/bitstream/1885/41667/2/Eurovision. pdf (viewed on April 29 2010) . Gold, Turkeys Eurovision, http://dspace. anu. edu. au/bitstream/1885/41667/2/Eurovision. pdf (viewed on April 29 2010) . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 141 . Solomon, Thomas, Articulating the historical moment pp 142 . Pajala, Mari, Finland, zero points: Nationality, failure, and shame in the Finnish media, in Raykoff, Ivan Tobin, Robert Deam (ed), A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contest. (Hampshire; Burlington; Ashgate; 2007) pp 71 . Pajala, Finland, zero points, pp 72 . Pajala, Finland, zero points, pp 72 . Vuletic (2003), The Socialist Star, pp 86 . Pajala, Finland, zero points, pp 76 . Pajala, Finland, zero points, pp 76 . Pajala, Finland, zero points, pp 79 . Pajala, Finland, zero points, pp 80 . Pajala, Finland, zero points, pp 82